In the following version most of the associated magnitudes and units for the actual Fundamental Constants of Physics have been purposely left out for reasons of brevity. Therefore, only the ratios or proportions have been retained. And are reflected in the associated description for each constant. For
example: The Constant of Molar Volume is reflected by the application of the two units in the theory... such as "number" times "meters" equal Volume. In other words the mathematical placement of the constants agree with the individual values which are yielded in description as well as calculation... individually as well as in concert. Every object in the theory has it's counterpart in reality.
The associated constant immediately below left of the yielded value is, in most cases, borrowed from the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 79th Edition, subtitled Fundamental Physical Constants.
>>1.511091462/10^32 kg = emu-electronic mass unit
>>18381 * 1.511091462/10^32 * 6.02213713 * 10^0 = 1.672671/10^27 kg mass
>>proton
>>18406 * 1.511091462/10^32 * 6.02213713 * 10^0 = 1.674946/10^27 kg mass
>>neutron
>>(18381+92380) * 1.511091462/10^32
>>= 1.6737/10^27 kg mass hydrogen
>>(18381+92380) * 1.511091462/10^32 * 6.02213713 *
10^23
>>= .0010079251 molar mass hydrogen
.00100794
>>(2.99792458^2 * 92380 * 2)^-1
>>= 6.02213713 Avogadro constant
6.0221367(36)
>>(1838.1/92380)^(1/2)
>>= 1.410573071 shielded proton moment
1.41057138(47)
>>10^5 Pa * 92380 * 2.4263/10^12 meter
>>= .0224141594 constant of molar volume
.02241410(19)
>>2.99792458^2 * 92380 * 2
>>= 1.660540068 amu-atomic mass unit
1.6605402(10)
>>((1.511091462 * 6.02213713)(92380-18381))^(1/2)/pi^2
>>= 8.314456705 molar gas constant 1st variation
>>((1.511091462 * 6.02213713)(92380-18380))^(1/2)/pi^2
>>= 8.314512886 molar gas constant
8.314510(70)
>>((1.511091462 / 6.02213713)(92380-18380))^(1/2)/pi^2
>>= 1.380658179 Boltzman constant
1.380658(12)
>>1.674946/2.99792458^2/92380/2.4263
>>= 8.314515515 molar gas constant
>>((18381+92380)/16.02187159)^(1/2)
>>= 8.314512885 molar gas constant
8.314510(70)
>>(92380+18381)/(92380-18380)/1.511091462*pi^4
>>= 9.648590782 Faraday constant
9.6485309(29)
>>(1-2.99792458^2/16.02187159)^(1/2)
>>= 6.626045764 Planck constant-Lorentz transformation
>>6.626045764/2.99792458/9.109388428
>>= 2.4263 de Broglie wave equation electron
2.42631058(22)
>>(1838.2/92380)^(1/2)
>>= 1.410611441 proton magnetic moment
1.41060761(47)
>>(1838.2 * 2.4263)^(1/3) * 2/3
>>= 1.097373565 Rydberg constant
1.0973731534(13)
>>10^5 Pa * 18382 * 2.4263/10^12 meter
>>= .0046002466 constant of nuclear volume
new constant (second generation)
>>(911 + pi)^(1/3) /4
>>= 2.4263 electron Compton wavelength-full abstract
>>6.02213713 * 2 * 92380 /4pi
>>= 8.854187818 permittivity constant
8.854187818
>>4pi/92380
>>= 13.60291255 eV binding energy hydrogen
13.6056981(40)
>>80*(92380/18380)^(1/3)
>>= 137.0358308 inverse fine-structure
137.0359895(61)
With the mathematically derived Rydberg constant above which include the components of the electron wavelength multiplied by the number of electron/positron units which yield the value for the proton magnetic moment... a new constant can now be confirmed and added to the International Standard of Units for the fundamental constants of physics. The "constant of nuclear volume" (second generation)
This strongly indicates that the string of 92380 electron/positron units which forms a single orbital around the nucleus of the hydrogen atom is connected at all times with at least one or more of the 18381 electron/positron units which form the single proton of that nucleus leading to a measurement of 18382 body of units and confirmed by the yield for the constant of Rydberg as the result of a rotating or precessing elliptical structure.
The actual relationship between the Rydberg constant and the constant of molar volume then becomes manifest as a proportion between the two values for the Rydberg and electron wavelength constants in connection with the hydrogen shell count of 92380 electrons, and yielding the proton magnetic moment, borrowed from the CRC Handbook 79th edition as given to 8,6 and 8 significant figures respectively.
>>((.10973731*3/2)^3/2.42631/92380)^(1/2)
>>= 1.410607637
1.41060761(47)
Of which Rydberg constant becomes a simplified relationship between the proton magnetic moment and the constant of molar volume... thus:
>> 2/3 * (1.410611441^2 * 2.24141594)^(1/3) = 1.097373565 Rydberg
>>constant
1.0973731534(13)
All current theories concerning the structure of the hydrogen atom state that one electron surrounds a single proton composed of three quarks... This is NOT TRUE!
The hydrogen atom actually has a STRING of 92380 electron-positron units forming a "basket" or "web"
which encloses a single proton which is composed of
18381 electron-positron units alternating like black and white pearls on a pearl necklace.
EVERYTHINGS ELECTRONS and heres PROOF!
>>1.511091462/10^32 kg * 6.02213713 * 10^23 *
>>(2*18381 + 2*18406 + 366273)
>>= .0040026077 molar mass helium
.00400260
>>(3*18381 + 4*18406 + 633981)
>>= .0069410068 molar mass lithium
.006941
>>(4*18381 + 5*18406 + 824796)
>>= .009012185 molar mass beryllium
.00901218
>>(5*18381 + 6*18406 + 985572)
>>= .0108100083 molar mass boron
.01081
>>(6*18381 + 6*18406 + 1099185)
>>= .012111537 molar mass carbon
.0121115
>>(7*18381 + 7*18406 + 1281689)
>>= .0140067018 molar mass nitrogen
.0140067
>>(8*18381 + 8*18406 + 1463880)
>>= .0159994016 molar mass oxygen
.0159994
>>(9*18381 + 10*18406 + 1738248)
>>= .0189984067 molar mass fluorine
.01899840
>>(10*18381 + 10*18406 + 1849603)
>>= .0201790043 molar mass neon
.020179
>>(11*18381 + 12*18406 + 2103286)
>>= .0229897759 molar mass sodium
.02298977
Since all atoms larger than hydrogen, are theoretically based to be built upon the structural constraints for the ground state of hydrogen. This means that the nuclei as well as the shells of all atoms are a real and continuous construction, made up of finite parts or individual units of electron, which ultimately dictates the dimensional boundaries of the molecule.
Signed: Brian S. McMillan "LUCKY MAN"
PS: The values for the elements above are based upon, Appendix E, A26. Periodic Table of the Elements.
Physics Parts 1 and 2. Halliday-Resnick. Third Edition.
PSS: The following expansion for the shielded proton magnetic moment has been included only as an example for scientific scrutiny. As the simplified representation is a more accurate reflection for the interaction of the integral parts and should be seen through the eyes of a more well rounded theory.
>>(1/2*10^-5 Pa*18381/92380^2/6.02213713/10^23/
>>2.99792458^2/10^16)^(1/2) = 1.410573071/10^26 J T^-1 U'p exact
PPSS: Every electron is composed of two
neutrino...however that is another matter... heh heh!
NEXT: On The Nature of Gravity
Between the two values... that of hydrogen and the proton, only one of these can be empirically measured... Can you guess which one....You got it!
Hydrogen. Because, the hydrogen atom can be measured directly by concentrating an enormous number of atoms in a container. And since the weight of the container is known and through Avogadro's law, the approximate number of atoms in the container may be obtained. We separate the weight of the container from the weight of the hydrogen gas and voila!
HENCE: 92380 * 2^(1/2) * 2.81794092/10^15 /2pi/
5.29177249 * 10^11 = 1.107245201 times nuclear circumference.
Which means that with the dimensional radius of the electron and hydrogen atom thought to be known, we can now take our electron-positron shell count and multiply it by the square root of two times the radius of the electron, which is a direct way of measuring permeability as an exact geometric parameter, and then dividing by the Bohr circumference to yield the number of times the electron string makes a complete revolution around the nucleus...
If the above yield for the number of times the electron-positron string circles the nucleus is correct.
That is only about 1.1 times... then this means that the shell of the hydrogen atom is probably elliptical, and operates in connection with the proton to yield all of the values of spectra as well as the ionization constants and binding energies.
One last equation in support of the this model.
IF: 5.291804717/10^11 = Bohr radius (close approx.)
THEN: (5.291804717/10^11)^3/9.80665
>>= 1.511091462/10^32 kg emu-electronic mass unit
Question from U.E
> >>1.511091462/10^32 kg = emu-electronic mass unit
What is this unit? It is electronmass / (N_A * 10^-22)?
N_A is Avogadros number (6.02213713*10^23). Then you are using an electron mass with only two or three significant digits!
Regards, censored
Response to U.E.
How do you know, that it is not the other way around?
In other words the free electron mass can be derived
thus:
IF: 1.511091462/10^32 kg/
>>(1-2.99751208^2/2.99792458^2)^(1/2)
>>= 9.109385168/10^31 kg
OR: 9.1/10^32/(1-2.982928332^2/2.99792458^2)^(1/2)
>>= 9.109388561/10^31 kg
This application of the Lorentz Transformation, illustrates how easy it might be to demonstrate a relationship between the actual mass or bound mass of the electron and an accelerated mass or free electron mass that is currently recognized in International Standard Units.
There are other candidates for the electron mass unit, as well as for the proton and total hydrogen count... however, all are derivatives of
10^23 * 9.1/10^32 * (18381 + 92380)
>>= .0010079251 molar mass hydrogen
IF: 9.1/10^32 kg * 18381 = 1.672671/10^27 kg
Since, in the first case we obtain the molar mass of the hydrogen atom and in the second case we achieve the kilogram mass-both from 9.1/10^32... and, of the two recognized values... since hydrogen is the only one that can be empirically determined we must base the kilogram value on the unit which yields the mass of hydrogen in kilograms.
However, there are values which are derivatives that will also work equally well... It is merely a coincidence that the electronic mass unit is so close to 9.1... the actual value may be closer to
9.09994.../10^9/6.02213713/10^23
>>= 1.511081499/10^32 kg or something else!
Einstein, proposed that as objects approach the speed of light, that they will appear to increase in mass.
>From this, I was able to determine that the free
electron mass in SI was in fact an accelerated mass...
That is NOT a true REST MASS.
Thank You A.E.
Signed Brian S. McMillan
PS. The original base values yield a set of relationships with those values and the fundamental constants as well as the table of the elements that cannot easily be dismissed.
IF: 10^-5 * 9.1/10^32 * 2.99792458*10^8 *
>>(2.99792458 + pi) = 1.674928676/10^27 kg
ALSO: ((1838.1/92380)^(1/2) * 2 * 3^6 * 91^-1
>>/(92380-18381)/(18381+92380))^(1/2)
>>= 1.660540608 atomic mass unit (abstract)
To seven significant figures.
THEN: 2 * 3^6 /91 = 16.02197802 electronic charge
(abstract)
IF: 1.235595178*10^20 * 6.626045764/10^34
>>= 8.187110915/10^14 mc^2
AND: r^(3/2) = Period of revolution, Johannes Kepler
AND: 3/2pi * 10^20 * (5.291791777/10^11)^(3/2)
>>= 18380 proton-emu count -1
THEN: 3/20pi/10^5Pa * 1.235595178*10^20
>> * (5.291791777/10^11)^(3/2) = .02271023937
Loschmidt
constant (approximate)
Substitution of the Bohr radius in Johannes Kepler's periodic equation in concert with the electromagnetic frequency constant and then dividing by two thirds pi to yield the Loschmidt constant of molar volume is consistent with the previous equation for the electronic mass unit derived above with use of the gravitational acceleration constant.
IF: 1/2 * ((92380+2)/137.036)^3 /2.99792458/10^8
>>= .5109840708 /10^6 MeV electron emissions energy
(abstract)
THEN: 10^-5 Pa * 6 * ((92380-1)/137.036)^3
>> approx.= 18381 proton-emu count
IF: (18380/92380)^(1/3)*3/4pi/(2.4263*1838.2)^(1/3)/16
>>= 5.291776636 Bohr radius hydrogen
5.29177249(24)
AND: (5.291776636/10^11)^3/9.80665
>>= 1.511067406/10^32 kg emu-theoretic value
AND: 1.511067406/10^32 kg * 18381 * 6.02213713*10^0
>>= 1.672644372/10^27 kg accelerated mass proton SI
AND: 1.511067406/10^32 kg * 18406 * 6.02213713*10^0
>>= 1.674919336/10^27 kg accelerated mass neutron SI
THEN:1.511067406/10^32 kg * (18382+92381)
>>= 1.673703591/10^27 kg mass hydrogen (h+)
ALSO:1.673703591/10^27 kg * 6.02213713*10^23
>>= .001007927254 molar mass hydrogen (h+)
"Lucky Man" Santa Rosa, California
The following excerpt, copied from the original text, by Carl D. Anderson on the "Production and Properties of Positrons"; Nobel lecture presented at Stockholm, December 12, 1936, pp. 9-10, subtitled "Positrons of High Energy". Supports first principals with regard to the electronic composition of cosmic radiation.
That is the nucleus of hydrogen and helium atoms, as well as the optical component of gamma radiation as observed by Anderson between 1931-1932.
"At present, however, it is very difficult to doubt that the highly absorbable component of the primary cosmic-ray beam consists largely of electrons absorbed principally through the mechanisms discussed above, which give rise to the electron showers."
"Until quite recently it was not clear that the high energy positive and negative electrons which have now been shown to exhibit a high absorbability behaved in a manner essentially differently from the cosmic-ray particles of highly penetrating character. These highly penetrating particles, although not free positive and negative electrons, appear to consist of both positive and negative particles of unit electric charge, and will provide interesting material for future study."
Review of the evidence:
At first, I had reviewed this material with some caution, because in Andersons day, the definition of all the objects detected in his experiments, had not yet been fully agreed upon; that is Anderson refers to all subatomic particles directly detected as "electrons" or indirectly as "photons" possibly gamma-rays.
However, since Anderson had not yet discovered the existence of the meson 'which he did do later on' and any of the positively charged by-products (that is
positrons) produced by cosmic-rays ploughing through a lead barrier within the Wilson Cloud Chamber apparatus were compared to the energies associated with what we now recognize to be the classic "electron" of the lepton class.
Anderson makes a clear distinction between "free positive and negative electrons" and those "highly penetrating particles" of a more direct cosmic origin, to which the free positive and negative electrons produced in the cloud chamber were not produced from material being knocked out of the barrier itself...
but were clearly defined as being from a compounded cosmic-ray source.
So it would appear that Carl D. Anderson was the first person to directly observe the electronic decomposition of the gamma-ray photon as well as the electronic decomposition of the nuclei of atoms.
 

posted by pablo at 04:56PM CST on November 24

I have never seen that. Looks like someone is looking for some recognition, and of course pablo and the cnld are just the people to give it to them. 

posted by natedogg at 10:22AM CST on November 28